Jaw crushers, commonly known as "jaw breaks" or "tiger mouths," consist of a crushing chamber formed by two jaw plates: a movable jaw and a fixed jaw. This design simulates the movement of animal jaws to achieve the crushing of materials. They are widely used in industries such as mining, metallurgy, building materials, highways, railways, hydropower, and chemicals for breaking various ores and large materials. The maximum compressive strength of the crushed materials can reach 320 MPa.

 

In sectors like mining, construction, and infrastructure, jaw crushers primarily serve as primary and secondary crushers. They are categorized into large, medium, and small types based on the width of the feed opening: machines with a feed opening greater than 600 mm are classified as large, those with a width between 300 mm and 600 mm are medium, and those with a width less than 300 mm are small. Jaw crushers have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are reliable in operation.

 

The working part of the jaw crusher consists of two jaw plates: one is the fixed jaw plate (stationary jaw), which is vertically (or slightly inclined) fixed to the front wall of the machine body, and the other is the movable jaw plate (moving jaw), which is positioned at an angle, forming a crushing chamber that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The movable jaw plate performs a periodic reciprocating motion towards and away from the fixed jaw plate. When they are apart, materials enter the crushing chamber, and the finished product is discharged from the bottom; when they come together, the materials trapped between the two jaw plates are crushed through compression, bending, and fracturing.

 

Jaw crushers can be classified based on the swinging mechanism of the movable jaw plate into three types: simple swing jaw crushers, complex swing jaw crushers, and comprehensive swing jaw crushers.

 

Working Principle

 

During operation, the movable jaw plate performs periodic reciprocating motion towards and away from the fixed jaw plate. When the movable jaw approaches the fixed jaw, the material is crushed through compression, fracturing, and impact; when the movable jaw moves away, the crushed material is discharged from the discharge opening due to gravity.

 

In the process of crushing large stones into smaller ones, the first crusher is usually the "primary" crusher. The jaw crusher, which has the longest history and is the most robust, serves this role. When feeding materials into the jaw crusher, they enter the crushing chamber through a top inlet, where the jaw plates crush them into smaller pieces with significant force. This movement is supported by an eccentric shaft that runs through the machine's frame. The eccentric motion is typically generated by flywheels fixed at both ends of the shaft. The flywheel and eccentric supporting bearings often use spherical roller bearings, which must endure substantial impact loads, abrasive wastewater, and high temperatures.

 

Characteristics

 

1.Low noise and minimal dust generation.

 

2.Large crushing ratio with uniform product granularity.

 

3.Simple structure, reliable operation, and low operational costs.

 

4.Safe and reliable lubrication system, easy component replacement, and straightforward maintenance.

 

5.Deep crushing chamber with no dead zones, improving feeding capacity and output.

 

6.Energy-efficient: energy savings of 15% to 30% for single machines and over for the entire system.

 

7.Wide adjustment range for the discharge opening to meet diverse user requirements.