Precision air conditioners refer to air conditioning machines that provide air circulation, air filtration, cooling, reheating, and control of temperature and humidity in computer rooms. Their purpose is to precisely control temperature, humidity, etc., and require them to be maintained within a certain range. In addition to the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, precision air conditioners also include components such as fans, air filters, dry filters, humidifiers, heaters, sight glasses, oil reservoirs, solenoid valves, and air pressure sensors. In daily computer room management work, the management and maintenance of precision air conditioners mainly focus on the maintenance of the above components.
Main Components of Precision Air Conditioners
Compressor: An important component of the air conditioner, used to pressurize gaseous refrigerant. Common compressors used in precision air conditioners include scroll compressors and rotary compressors.
Evaporator: The main component for heat exchange on the indoor side, with refrigerant flowing inside to absorb heat and air blowing over the external surface to release heat, forming a heat exchange.
Expansion Valve: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, it serves to throttle and reduce pressure, and is divided into two types: thermal expansion valves and electronic expansion valves.
Condenser: The main component for heat exchange on the outdoor side, with refrigerant flowing inside to absorb heat and air blowing over the external surface to release heat, forming a heat exchange.
Ball Valve: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, it controls the on/off of the refrigerant, serving as a switch.
Dry Filter: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, it is used for drying and filtering the refrigerant.
Sight Glass: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, it is used to control the amount of refrigerant charged and to observe the refrigerant situation in the system at any time.
Humidifier: A device used to humidify indoor air when the indoor humidity is low. Common humidifiers used in precision air conditioners include electrode humidifiers and infrared humidifiers.
Heater: A device used to heat indoor air when the indoor temperature is low. Common heaters used in precision air conditioners include aluminum fin heaters, PTC heaters, and stainless steel wound fin heaters.
Fan: The power equipment for internal air circulation of the unit, divided into centrifugal fans and axial fans according to the direction of gas flow. According to the power form of the motor, they are divided into AC fans and EC fans. The motor of the AC fan is an AC motor, and the motor of the EC fan is a DC motor, which has the characteristics of energy saving and high efficiency. Centrifugal fans are divided into external rotor direct-connected centrifugal fans and belt-driven centrifugal fans according to their structural form.
Low-Temperature Components: Components to ensure that the air conditioner can still start normally when the outdoor temperature is extremely low (-20℃ and below).
Extension Components: Used for air-cooled units, when the equivalent length of the indoor and outdoor unit connection pipe exceeds 30m, an extension component must be installed in the refrigeration system pipeline. A set of extension components includes a check valve and a solenoid valve.
Check Valve: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, the refrigerant can only flow along the inlet, preventing the refrigerant from flowing back.
Solenoid Valve: Installed in the refrigeration system pipeline, it controls the on/off of the refrigerant, serving as a switch.
Water Leak Detector: Used to monitor whether there is a water leak in the air conditioning unit.
Precision Air Conditioner Cooling Types
Air-Cooled: The air-cooled system includes precision air conditioner indoor units and matching outdoor units. The outdoor unit uses air for cooling, and the air conditioning unit dissipates the heat from the computer room to the outdoor air through the outdoor unit.
Water-Cooled: The water-cooled system includes precision air conditioner indoor units and cooling towers. The cooling tower provides cooling circulating water to the precision air conditioner indoor unit, and the air conditioning unit dissipates the heat from the computer room to the outdoor air through the cooling circulating water.
Chilled Water: The chilled water system includes precision air conditioner indoor units and chillers. The chiller provides chilled circulating water to the precision air conditioner indoor unit, and the air conditioning unit dissipates the heat from the computer room to the outdoor air through the chilled circulating water.
Dual Cold Source: The dual cold source system is divided into air-cooled dual cold source, water-cooled dual cold source, and chilled water dual cold source. The air-cooled dual cold source unit adds an independent chilled water coil system on the basis of the air-cooled unit. The water-cooled dual cold source unit adds an independent chilled water coil system on the basis of the water-cooled unit. The chilled water dual cold source unit has two independent chilled water coil systems.
Natural Cooling: Common natural cooling systems are divided into air-cooled natural cooling chillers + precision air conditioner indoor units and precision air conditioner indoor units + dry coolers. The former precision air conditioner indoor unit is a chilled water precision air conditioner unit, and the latter precision air conditioner indoor unit has two independent refrigeration systems. The system can automatically switch between the two systems according to energy-saving conditions, achieving a balance between maximum energy-saving effect and ensuring reliable machine operation.
Common Alarm Reasons and Solutions
1. Compressor High-Pressure Alarm
- High-pressure switch failure or control interference causing false alarms;
- Air-cooled condenser has a lot of dust, reducing cooling capacity;
- Air-cooled condenser fan power is disconnected;
- Air-cooled condenser speed controller is open-circuited;
- Air-cooled condenser temperature switch is abnormal;
- Water-cooled equipment condenser water flow is lost or cooling water temperature is abnormal;
- Exhaust pipe road abnormal oil blockage or foreign object blockage;
- Overcharging of refrigerant.
2. Compressor Low-Pressure Alarm
- Low-pressure switch failure or control interference causing false alarms;
- Indoor filter mesh is blocked, causing insufficient air volume;
- Indoor main fan failure, air volume decreases;
- Incorrect temperature set point, return air temperature is too low;
- Cold start delay setting is not enough, difficult to start in winter;
- Insufficient refrigerant charging or refrigerant leakage.
3. Low Humidity Alarm
- Incorrect low humidity alarm set point;
- Poor sealing of the computer room, frequent opening of doors;
- Humidifier water supply is blocked, water pressure is too low, or water is stopped;
- Humidifier tank has a lot of scale;
- Humidifier electrodes have a lot of scale.
4. High Temperature Alarm
- Incorrect high temperature alarm set point;
- Large thermal load or frequent opening of doors;
- Other abnormal alarms cause the compressor to stop;
- Chilled water equipment chilled water flow is lost or chilled water temperature is abnormal.
5. Floor Water Leak Alarm
- Water leak detection probe contacts the conductor;
- Drainage pipe is blocked, and water overflows from the humidifier water pan;
- Drainage pipe breaks or leaks;
- Condensation water from abnormal parts of the equipment drips;
- Water flows into the ground through other abnormal pathways.
6. Airflow Loss
- The distance between the airflow insufficient detection thermistor and the heating resistor is too close;
- The sampling air tube of the airflow pressure difference sensor is blocked or the position is offset;
- The sensor board and the display control board connection is loose;
- Power supply is reversed;
- Indoor air supply part failure;
- Filter mesh is blocked.
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